1. Gabatarwa ga alayyafo
Alayyahu (Spinacia oleracea L.), wanda kuma aka sani da kayan lambu na Farisa, kayan lambu na tushen ja, kayan lambu aku, da sauransu, na cikin jinsin Alayyahu na dangin Chenopodiaceae, kuma yana cikin nau'in nau'in beets da quinoa.Ganye ne na shekara-shekara tare da korayen ganye a matakan balaga daban-daban da ke akwai don girbi.Tsire-tsire masu tsayi har zuwa mita 1, tushen conical, ja, da wuya fari, halberd zuwa ovate, kore mai haske, gaba ɗaya ko tare da ƴan lobes masu kama da haƙori.Akwai nau'ikan alayyahu da yawa, waɗanda za a iya raba su zuwa iri biyu: ƙaya da marasa ƙaya.
Alayyahu shuka ce ta shekara-shekara kuma akwai nau'ikan alayyahu da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu sun fi dacewa da samar da kasuwanci.Akwai nau'ikan alayyahu guda uku da ake nomawa a cikin Amurka: lanƙwasa (ganyen birgima), lebur (ganye mai laushi), da soyayyen ɗanɗano (dan murɗe).Dukansu ganye ne masu ganye kuma babban bambanci shine kaurin ganye ko juriya.Hakanan an samar da sabbin nau'o'in masu tushe masu ja da ganye a cikin Amurka.
Kasar Sin ita ce kasa mafi girma wajen samar da alayyahu, sai Amurka, duk da cewa noma da amfani da su sun karu a hankali cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, yana kusan fam 1.5 ga kowane mutum.A halin yanzu, California tana da kusan kadada 47,000 na kadada da aka shuka, kuma alayyafo California ce ke kan gaba saboda samar da duk shekara.Ba kamar lambunan tsakar gida ba, waɗannan gonakin kasuwanci suna shuka tsire-tsire miliyan 1.5-2.3 a kowace kadada kuma suna girma a cikin manyan filaye 40-80-inch don girbin injina cikin sauƙi.
2.The sinadirai masu darajar alayyafo
Ta fuskar abinci mai gina jiki, alayyahu na kunshe da wasu muhimman sinadirai masu muhimmanci, amma gaba daya, babban sinadarin alayyahu shi ne ruwa (91.4%).Ko da yake an mayar da hankali sosai a cikin abubuwan gina jiki masu aiki akan busassun tushe, yawan adadin macronutrient yana raguwa sosai (misali, furotin 2.86%, 0.39% mai, 1.72% ash).Misali, jimlar fiber na abinci shine kusan kashi 25% na busassun nauyi.Alayyahu yana da yawa a cikin micronutrients kamar potassium (6.74%), baƙin ƙarfe (315 mg/kg), folic acid (22 mg/kg), bitamin K1 (phylloquinone, 56 mg/kg), bitamin C (3,267 mg) /kg) , betaine (> 12,000 mg / kg), carotenoid B-carotene (654 mg / kg) da lutein + zeaxanthin (1,418 mg / kg).Bugu da ƙari, alayyafo ya ƙunshi nau'o'in metabolites daban-daban da aka samar da abubuwan flavonoid, waɗanda ke da tasirin maganin kumburi.Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na phenolic acid, kamar p-coumaric acid da ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid da vanillic acid, da lignans daban-daban.Daga cikin wasu ayyuka, nau'ikan alayyafo iri-iri suna da kaddarorin antioxidant.Koren launin alayyahu ya zo da farko daga chlorophyll, wanda aka nuna yana jinkirta zubar ciki, rage ghrelin, da haɓaka GLP-1, wanda ke da amfani ga nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.Dangane da omega-3s, alayyafo ya ƙunshi stearidonic acid da kuma wasu eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) da alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).Alayyahu na kunshe da sinadarin nitrates wadanda a da ake tunanin suna da illa amma yanzu ana tunanin suna da amfani ga lafiya.Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi oxalates, wanda, ko da yake ana iya rage shi ta hanyar blanching, yana iya taimakawa wajen samar da duwatsun mafitsara.
3. Aikace-aikacen alayyafo a cikin abincin dabbobi
Alayyahu yana cike da abubuwan gina jiki kuma yana da girma ga abincin dabbobi.Alayyahu tana matsayi na farko a cikin manyan abinci, abinci tare da antioxidants na halitta, abubuwa masu rai, fiber mai aiki da mahimman abubuwan gina jiki.Ko da yake yawancin mu sun girma ba sa son alayyafo, ana samun shi a cikin nau'o'in abinci da abinci iri-iri a yau, yawanci ana amfani da su azaman kayan lambu na zamani a cikin salads ko a cikin sandwiches a maimakon latas.Ganin amfanin sa a cikin abincin ɗan adam, yanzu ana amfani da alayyafo a cikin abincin dabbobi.
Alayyahu yana da fa'ida iri-iri a cikin abincin dabbobi: ƙarfafa abinci mai gina jiki, kula da lafiya, ƙara yawan sha'awar kasuwa, da jerin ci gaba.Ƙarin alayyafo da gaske ba shi da wani mummunan tasiri, kuma yana da fa'ida a matsayin "superfood" a cikin abincin dabbobi na zamani.
An buga kimanta alayyahu a cikin abincin kare a farkon 1918 (McClugage da Mendel, 1918).Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa chlorophyll alayyafo yana sha kuma ana ɗaukarsa cikin kyallen takarda ta karnuka (Fernandes et al., 2007) kuma yana iya amfana da iskar oxygen da aikin rigakafi.Wasu binciken da yawa na kwanan nan sun nuna cewa alayyafo na iya haɓaka fahimta a matsayin wani ɓangare na hadadden antioxidant.
Don haka, ta yaya kuke ƙara alayyafo zuwa babban abincin dabbar ku?
Ana iya ƙara alayyahu zuwa abincin dabbobi a matsayin sinadari kuma wani lokacin azaman mai launi a wasu magunguna.Ko kun ƙara busasshen alayyafo ko ganye, adadin da aka ƙara gabaɗaya kaɗan ne—kimanin 0.1% ko ƙasa da haka, wani ɓangare saboda tsadar farashinsa, amma kuma saboda baya riƙe siffarsa da kyau yayin sarrafawa, kuma ganyen ya zama kayan lambu kamar Laka. , busasshen ganye suna saurin karyewa.Duk da haka, rashin kyawun bayyanar baya hana darajar sa, amma antioxidant, rigakafi ko tasirin abinci mai gina jiki na iya zama maras muhimmanci saboda ƙarancin tasiri da aka ƙara.Don haka yana da kyau a tantance menene tasirin maganin antioxidants, da matsakaicin adadin alayyahu da dabbobin ku zasu iya jurewa (wanda zai iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin warin abinci da dandano).
A Amurka, akwai takamaiman dokoki da ke tafiyar da noma, girbi da rarraba alayyahu don amfanin ɗan adam (80 FR 74354, 21CFR112).Idan akai la'akari da cewa yawancin alayyafo a cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki sun fito daga tushe guda, wannan doka kuma ta shafi abincin dabbobi.Ana siyar da alayyahu a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙima.US No. 2 ya fi dacewa da abincin dabbobi saboda ana iya ƙara shi zuwa premix don sarrafa shi.Ana kuma amfani da busassun guntun alayyahu.Lokacin sarrafa yankakken kayan lambu, ana wanke ganyen ganyen da aka girbe a bushe, sannan a busar da shi a cikin tire ko bushewar ganga, sannan a yi amfani da iska mai zafi don cire danshi, bayan an jera sai a hada su don amfani.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-25-2022